Let be a connected undirected graph with at least 2 vertices. Show that there exist 2 distinct vertices and such that the subgraphs and are both connected.
( denotes the subgraph obtained from by removing the vertex together with all its incident edges)
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Let be a path of maximal length that never visits the same vertex twice.
Since is connected and has at least 2 vertices, we have .
Let us show that is connected, which by an analogous reasoning will imply that is also connected.
Let and be vertices in , and let be a path connecting them in .
- If the path does not pass through , then it still exists in .
- If the path passes through , then each passage through is of the form (with ). Indeed, by maximality of , all neighbors of are in . The path can then be modified to avoid by following to go from to , which yields a path in connecting and .
