Ivan Shishkin, Rye (1878)

Problems/OtherUnreviewed

Attention ce problème pourrait devenir une malédiction

by mathman·
80
Difficulty scaleÉchelle de difficulté

This score reflects both the level of the required concepts and the difficulty of the solution.Ce score tient compte à la fois du niveau des notions nécessaires et de la difficulté de la résolution.

  1. 110First steps / middle schoolPremiers pas / collège
  2. 1125Beginner / high schoolDébutant / lycée
  3. 2650Intermediate / undergraduateIntermédiaire / licence
  4. 5170Advanced / graduateAvancé / master
  5. 7190Expert / specializedExpert / spécialisé
  6. 91100Research levelNiveau recherche
These levels are approximate guides.Ces niveaux sont des repères approximatifs.
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This problem was submitted to Pascal’s Ghost.

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Le fantôme de Pascal viendra inlassablement tourmenter vos nuits de mathématicien tant que vous n’aurez pas démontré les deux relations bien mystérieuses suivantes (on utilisera la convention 00=10^{0}=1):

pour nn entier 2\geq 2 :
k=1n1kk1(nk1)nk1(nk)=nn1\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}k^{k-1}(n-k-1)^{n-k-1}\cdot\binom{n}{k}=n^{n-1}

pour nn entier 1\geq 1 :
k=0n1kk(nk)nk1(nk)=nn\displaystyle\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}k^{k}(n-k)^{n-k-1}\cdot\binom{n}{k}=n^{n}

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