Ivan Shishkin, Rye (1878)

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Rational power of 2

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Solution

Solution by Ancient Tree · EN

Let r=pqr=\frac{p}{q} where qq is a positive integer, and pp is any integer, and let’s assume that this fraction is irreducible.
Let’s define x=2r=2pqx=2^{r}=2^{\frac{p}{q}}. This is an integer by assumption.

Then, we have that xq=2px^{q}=2^{p}. This means that the only prime factor of xx has to be 2. We can therefore write x=2kx=2^{k} for some integer kk; but then xq=(2k)q=2kq=2px^{q}=(2^{k})^{q}=2^{kq}=2^{p}, so p=kqp=kq; but this is impossible, unless q=1q=1, because pq\frac{p}{q} was supposed to be irreducible. So r=pr=p is an integer.

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