Ivan Shishkin, Rye (1878)

Problems/Function of several variablesExerciseUnreviewed

Contre-exemple : les dérivées directionnelles n’impliquent pas la continuité

by SalixBabylonica·
35
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Notons
f(x,y)={y2xsi x≠0,ysi x=0.f(x,y)= \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \dfrac{y^2}{x} & \text{si } x\neq 0, \\[0.5em] y & \text{si } x=0. \end{array} \right.

  1. Donnez les dérivées directionnelles de ff en (0,0).
  2. Est ce que ff est continue? Justifier.
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Solutions

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Solution by SalixBabylonica

Discussions0 useful votes
  1. Soit v=(v1,v2)∈R2v=(v1,v2)\in \mathbb{R^{2}}, on a f(0,0)=0f(0,0)=0 donc
    Df(0,0)(v)=lim⁡t→0f((0,0)+tv)t={lim⁡t→0tv22v1t=v22v1si v1≠0,lim⁡t→0tv2t=v2si v1=0.Df(0,0)(v) = \lim_{t\to 0} \frac{f((0,0)+tv)}{t} = \begin{cases} \displaystyle\lim_{t\to0} \dfrac{t\dfrac{v_2^2}{v_1}}{t} = \dfrac{v_2^2}{v_1} & \text{si } v_1\neq 0,\\[1em] \displaystyle\lim_{t\to0} \dfrac{tv_2}{t} = v_2 & \text{si } v_1=0. \end{cases}Donc les dérivées directionnelles de ff en (0,0)(0,0) existent dans toutes les directions vv.
  2. Considérons les suites
    xn=1n2,yn=1n.x_n=\frac1{n^2}, \qquad y_n=\frac1n.Alors
    (xn,yn)→n→+∞(0,0).(x_n,y_n) \xrightarrow[n\to+\infty]{} (0,0).Si ff était continue en (0,0)(0,0), on aurait
    f(xn,yn)→n→+∞f(0,0)=0.f(x_n,y_n) \xrightarrow[n\to+\infty]{} f(0,0)=0.

Or
f(xn,yn)=yn2xn=1n21n2=1,f(x_n,y_n) = \frac{y_n^2}{x_n} = \frac{\frac1{n^2}}{\frac1{n^2}} = 1,d’où
lim⁡n→+∞f(xn,yn)=1≠0.\lim_{n\to+\infty}f(x_n,y_n)=1\neq 0.Donc ff n’est pas continue en (0,0)(0,0).

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