Ivan Shishkin, Rye (1878)

Problems/Linear algebraExerciseUnreviewed

Produit de matrices diagonales

by Ancient Tree·
26
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This score reflects both the level of the required concepts and the difficulty of the solution.Ce score tient compte à la fois du niveau des notions nécessaires et de la difficulté de la résolution.

  1. 110First steps / middle schoolPremiers pas / collège
  2. 1125Beginner / high schoolDébutant / lycée
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Soient AA et BB deux matrices diagonales. Leur produit ABAB est-il encore une matrice diagonale ?

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Solution by T.W

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Soit A,BA,B diagonales dans Mn\mathcal M_{n}, on note ai,j,bi,ja_{i,j},b_{i,j} les coefficients en i,ji,j des matrices A et B.

Calculons les coefficients de ABAB : soit i,j1,ni, j \in \llbracket 1,n\rrbracket, (AB)i,j=k=1nai,kbk,j(AB)_{i,j}=\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{n}a_{i,k}b_{k,j}, or pour tout iji'\not=j', ai,j=bi,j=0a_{i',j'}=b_{i',j'}=0.
D’où, k1,n,ai,k=ak,j0i=j\exists k \in \llbracket 1,n\rrbracket, a_{i,k}=a_{k,j}\not= 0 \Rightarrow i=j. Donc, si ij,k1,n,ai,kbk,j=0i\not= j, \forall k \in \llbracket 1,n\rrbracket, a_{i,k}b_{k,j} = 0, d’où (AB)i,j=k=1nai,kbk,j=0(AB)_{i,j}=\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{n}a_{i,k}b_{k,j} = 0, c’est-à-dire que tous les coefficients non diagonaux de ABAB sont nuls. Donc, la matrice ABAB est bien diagonale.

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