Ivan Shishkin, Rye (1878)

Problems/Sequence and seriesUnreviewed

Is it arithmetic ? Or geometric ?

by Sequoia·
16
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Define the sequence (un)nN(u_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}} by u0=2u_0=2 and un+1=3un+4,nNu_{n+1}=3u_n+4, n\in\mathbb{N}. We set vn:=un+2v_n:=u_n+2 for all nNn\in\mathbb{N}.

  1. For nNn\in\mathbb{N}, write vn+1v_{n+1} as a function of unu_n, then as a function of vnv_n. What can be said about the nature of (vn)nN(v_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}} ?

  2. Find v0v_0, deduce vnv_n as a function of nn.

  3. Finally show that:

nN,un=43n2\forall n\in\mathbb{N}, u_n=4\cdot 3^n-2

In general, any sequence defined by an inductive relation as un+1=qun+ru_{n+1}=qu_n+r with q1q\neq1 can be written as

un=(u0+rq1)qnrq1.u_n= \left(u_0+\frac{r}{q-1}\right)q^n-\frac{r}{q-1}.

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Solution by SequoiaFR

Discussions0 useful votes
  1. On change nn en n+1n+1 dans la définition de vnv_n, ce qui donne vn+1=un+1+2v_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+2.
    Il ne reste plus qu’à changer un+1u_{n+1} en sa formule, ce qui donne vn+1=(3un+4)+2=3un+6v_{n+1}=(3u_n+4)+2=3u_n+6.
    Pour exprimer ce résultat en fonction de vnv_n, on reprend notre relation vn=un+2v_n=u_n+2 qui peut aussi s’écrire un=vn2u_n=v_n-2 pour exprimer unu_n en fonction de vnv_n.
    Cela donne alors vn+1=3un+6=3(vn2)+6=3vnv_{n+1}=3u_n+6=3(v_n-2)+6=3v_n. Ainsi (vn)n(v_n)_n est géométrique de raison 33 !

  2. On a v0=u0+2=2+2=4v_0=u_0+2=2+2=4. Par la formule des suites géométriques de raison qq (ici q=3q=3), on trouve ainsi vn=v0qn=43nv_n=v_0\,q^n=4\cdot 3^n.

  3. On rappelle la formule un=vn2u_n=v_n-2 puis on utilise la question précédente pour trouver un=43n2u_n=4\cdot 3^n-2. Ce qui est bien ce qu’on voulait !

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