Ivan Shishkin, Rye (1878)

Problems/General algebraReviewed

The wooden cube

by Ancient Tree·
19
Difficulty scaleÉchelle de difficulté

This score reflects both the level of the required concepts and the difficulty of the solution.Ce score tient compte à la fois du niveau des notions nécessaires et de la difficulté de la résolution.

  1. 110First steps / middle schoolPremiers pas / collège
  2. 1125Beginner / high schoolDébutant / lycée
  3. 2650Intermediate / undergraduateIntermédiaire / licence
  4. 5170Advanced / graduateAvancé / master
  5. 7190Expert / specializedExpert / spécialisé
  6. 91100Research levelNiveau recherche
These levels are approximate guides.Ces niveaux sont des repères approximatifs.
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A craftsman builds a wooden cube of side xx centimeters. He notices that both the area of one face (in square centimeters) and the volume of the cube (in cubic centimeters) are integers.
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Must xx necessarily be an integer ?

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Solution by Sequoia

Discussions1 useful vote

The surface of a square appearing on the cube is x2x^2 and the volume of the cube is x3x^3. They are all integers by assumption. We will show that xx is indeed an integer.

Since x=x3x2\displaystyle x=\frac{x^3}{x^2}, it must be rational. Let pp be a prime number and vp(y)v_p(y) the pp-adic valuation of a rational number yy. Then one gets that vp(x)v_p(x) is well-defined and that vp(x2)=2vp(x)v_p(x^2)=2v_p(x) is an even positive integer because x2x^2 is a positive integer. Hence, for all prime pp, vp(x)v_p(x) is a positive integer. Hence xx is an integer.

Solution by Étienne86FR

Discussions1 useful vote

L’artisan a bien fabriqué un cube, donc on peut supposer x>0x>0.
Ainsi, x=x3/x2x=x^{3}/x^{2} est rationnel puisque x2Nx^{2}\in\N et x3Nx^{3}\in\N par hypothèse.
On écrit le rationnel xx sous la forme x=p/qx=p/q avec pNp\in\N et qNq\in\N non nuls, et pp et qq premiers entre eux.
Comme x2=p2/q2x^{2}=p^{2}/q^{2} est entier, on a qp2q\mid p^{2}. Mais si q1q\neq 1, alors il existe un nombre premier rr tel que rqr\mid q.
Dans ce cas, rp2r\mid p^{2} car qp2q\mid p^{2}, puis rpr\mid p. Ainsi, rpr\mid p et rqr\mid q donc rr divise le pgcd de pp et qq qui vaut 11, ce qui est impossible puisque rr est premier.
Au final, q=1q=1 et x=px=p est un entier.

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