Ivan Shishkin, Pine Forest

Periodic function with a limit

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Let f:RRf:\R \rightarrow \R be a periodic function with period T>0T>0, such that ff admits a limit as x+x\rightarrow+\infty.
What can be said about ff?

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Solution by Ancient Tree

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Let xRx\in \R be an arbitrary real number, and consider the sequence f(x),f(x+T),f(x+2T),f(x),f(x+T),f(x+2T),\ldots . By assumption, since x+nTn++x+n T \underset{n \rightarrow+\infty}{\longrightarrow}+\infty, it converges to a limit lRl\in \R. But this sequence is constant by periodicity of ff. This means that f(x)=lf(x)=l. Applying the same reasoning for every xRx\in \R, we get that ff is constant, equal to ll.