Ivan Shishkin, Rye (1878)

Problems/Sequence and seriesUnreviewed

No permutation can rescue the series

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40
Difficulty scaleÉchelle de difficulté

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  1. 1–10First steps / middle schoolPremiers pas / collège
  2. 11–25Beginner / high schoolDébutant / lycée
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Does there exist a bijective map σ:N∗→N∗\sigma: \mathbb{N}^{*} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}^{*} such that
∑n=1∞σ(n)n2<∞?\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\sigma(n)}{n^2}<\infty ?

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Solution by FiniteFieldFR

Discussions5 useful votes

On considère S2n−Sn=∑k=n+12nσ(k)k2≥1(2n)2∑k=n+12nσ(k)S_{2n}-S_{n}=\displaystyle\sum_{k=n+1}^{2n}\dfrac{\sigma(k)}{k^{2}}\geq \dfrac{1}{(2n)^{2}}\sum_{k=n+1}^{2n}\sigma(k). Mais une somme de nn entiers distincts est minorée par ∑k=1nk=n(n+1)2\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{n}k=\dfrac{n(n+1)}{2}. Ainsi,
S2n−Sn≥n+18n≥18.S_{2n}-S_{n}\geq \dfrac{n+1}{8n}\geq \dfrac{1}{8}.La série ne peut donc pas converger car alors la différence S2n−SnS_{2n}-S_{n} tendrait vers 0.0.

Solution by araucaria araucanaFR

Discussions5 useful votes

La suite (1/n2)n(1/n^{2})_{n} est décroissante tandis que la suite (n)n(n)_{n} est croissante. Par l’inégalité de réarrangement, on a
∑k=1nσ(k)/k2≥∑k=1nk/k2=∑k=1n1/k.\sum_{k=1}^{n}\sigma(k)/k^{2} \ge \sum_{k=1}^{n} k/k^{2} = \sum_{k=1}^{n} 1/k.La suite étant minorée par la série harmonique, elle ne converge pas.

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